Hello world over serial

This commit is contained in:
2025-12-16 23:09:13 +01:00
parent c4c1939637
commit 13fee12f59
23 changed files with 2272 additions and 5 deletions

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@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ ldflags :=
cflags := cflags :=
buildtype ?= release buildtype ?= release
include $(platform)/src.mk
include $(platform)/flags.mk include $(platform)/flags.mk
include generic/flags.mk include generic/flags.mk
include $(platform)/src.mk
include libk/src.mk
all: build/kernel.elf all: build/kernel.elf
build/kernel.elf: $(o) build/kernel.elf: $(o)

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@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
#include <limine/limine.h> #include <limine/limine.h>
#include <amd64/init.h>
#include <sys/debug.h>
void bootmain(void) { void bootmain(void) {
amd64_init();
DEBUG("Hello from amd64!\n");
for (;;); for (;;);
} }

46
kernel/amd64/debug.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
#include <libk/std.h>
#include <libk/string.h>
#include <libk/printf.h>
#include <sys/debug.h>
#include <amd64/debug.h>
#include <amd64/io.h>
#define PORT_COM1 0x03F8
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
static bool amd64_debug_serial_tx_empty(void) {
return (bool)(amd64_io_inb(PORT_COM1 + 5) & 0x20);
}
static void amd64_debug_serial_write(char x) {
while (!amd64_debug_serial_tx_empty());
amd64_io_outb(PORT_COM1, (uint8_t)x);
}
void debugprintf(const char *fmt, ...) {
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
buffer[sizeof(buffer) - 1] = '\0';
const char *p = buffer;
while (*p) {
amd64_debug_serial_write(*p);
p++;
}
}
void amd64_debug_init(void) {
amd64_io_outb(PORT_COM1 + 1, 0x00);
amd64_io_outb(PORT_COM1 + 3, 0x80);
amd64_io_outb(PORT_COM1 + 0, 0x03);
amd64_io_outb(PORT_COM1 + 1, 0x00);
amd64_io_outb(PORT_COM1 + 3, 0x03);
amd64_io_outb(PORT_COM1 + 2, 0xC7);
amd64_io_outb(PORT_COM1 + 4, 0x0B);
}

6
kernel/amd64/debug.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
#ifndef _KERNEL_AMD64_DEBUG_H
#define _KERNEL_AMD64_DEBUG_H
void amd64_debug_init(void);
#endif // _KERNEL_AMD64_DEBUG_H

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@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
cflags += --target=x86_64-pc-none-elf cflags += --target=x86_64-pc-none-elf
ldflags += --target=x86_64-pc-none-elf ldflags += --target=x86_64-pc-none-elf \
-Wl,-zmax-page-size=0x1000

105
kernel/amd64/init.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
#include <libk/std.h>
#include <libk/string.h>
#include <amd64/init.h>
#include <amd64/tss.h>
#include <amd64/debug.h>
#define GDT_KCODE 0x08
#define GDT_KDATA 0x10
#define GDT_UCODE 0x18
#define GDT_UDATA 0x20
#define GDT_TSS 0x28
#define TSS 0x80
#define TSS_PRESENT 0x89
#define KSTACK_SIZE (8*1024)
struct gdt_entry {
uint16_t limitlow;
uint16_t baselow;
uint8_t basemid;
uint8_t access;
uint8_t gran;
uint8_t basehigh;
} __attribute__((packed));
struct gdt_ptr {
uint16_t limit;
uint64_t base;
} __attribute__((packed));
struct gdt_extended {
struct gdt_entry old[5];
struct gdt_entry tsslow;
struct gdt_entry tsshigh;
} __attribute__((packed));
__attribute__((aligned(16))) static volatile uint8_t kernel_stack[KSTACK_SIZE];
__attribute__((aligned(16))) static volatile struct gdt_extended gdt;
static void amd64_gdt_set(volatile struct gdt_entry *ent, uint32_t base,
uint32_t limit, uint8_t acc, uint8_t gran) {
ent->baselow = (base & 0xFFFF);
ent->basemid = (base >> 16) & 0xFF;
ent->basehigh = (base >> 24) & 0xFF;
ent->limitlow = (limit & 0xFFFF);
ent->gran = ((limit >> 16) & 0x0F) | (gran & 0xF0);
ent->access = acc;
}
static void amd64_gdt_init(void) {
volatile struct tss *tss = amd64_get_tss();
memset((void *)&gdt, 0, sizeof(gdt));
memset((void *)kernel_stack, 0, sizeof(kernel_stack));
memset((void *)tss, 0, sizeof(*tss));
tss->iopb_off = sizeof(*tss);
tss->rsp0 = (uint64_t)((uintptr_t)kernel_stack + sizeof(kernel_stack));
uint64_t tssbase = (uint64_t)&tss;
uint64_t tsslimit = sizeof(*tss) - 1;
amd64_gdt_set(&gdt.old[0], 0, 0, 0, 0);
amd64_gdt_set(&gdt.old[1], 0, 0xFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xA0);
amd64_gdt_set(&gdt.old[2], 0, 0xFFFFF, 0x92, 0xC0);
amd64_gdt_set(&gdt.old[3], 0, 0xFFFFF, 0xFA, 0xA0);
amd64_gdt_set(&gdt.old[4], 0, 0xFFFFF, 0xF2, 0xC0);
amd64_gdt_set(&gdt.tsslow, (tssbase & 0xFFFFFFFF), tsslimit, TSS_PRESENT | TSS, 0);
uint32_t tssbasehigh = (tssbase >> 32);
gdt.tsshigh.limitlow = (tssbasehigh & 0xFFFF);
gdt.tsshigh.baselow = (tssbasehigh >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
gdt.tsshigh.basemid = 0;
gdt.tsshigh.basehigh = 0;
gdt.tsshigh.access = 0;
gdt.tsshigh.gran = 0;
struct gdt_ptr gdtr;
gdtr.limit = sizeof(gdt) - 1;
gdtr.base = (uint64_t)&gdt;
__asm__ volatile("lgdt %0" :: "m"(gdtr) : "memory");
__asm__ volatile(
"pushq %[kcode]\n"
"lea 1f(%%rip), %%rax\n"
"pushq %%rax\n"
"lretq\n"
"1:\n"
"movw %[kdata], %%ax\n"
"movw %%ax, %%ds\n"
"movw %%ax, %%es\n"
"movw %%ax, %%ss\n"
:
: [kcode] "i"(GDT_KCODE), [kdata] "i"(GDT_KDATA)
: "rax", "memory"
);
__asm__ volatile("ltr %0" :: "r"((uint16_t)GDT_TSS));
}
void amd64_init(void) {
amd64_gdt_init();
amd64_debug_init();
}

6
kernel/amd64/init.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
#ifndef _KERNEL_AMD64_INIT_H
#define _KERNEL_AMD64_INIT_H
void amd64_init(void);
#endif // _KERNEL_AMD64_INIT_H

54
kernel/amd64/io.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
#include <libk/std.h>
#include <amd64/io.h>
void amd64_io_outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t v) {
__asm__ volatile("outb %1, %0" :: "dN"(port), "a"(v));
}
void amd64_io_outw(uint16_t port, uint16_t v) {
__asm__ volatile("outw %%ax, %%dx" :: "a"(v), "d"(port));
}
void amd64_io_outl(uint16_t port, uint32_t v) {
__asm__ volatile("outl %%eax, %%dx" :: "d"(port), "a"(v));
}
void amd64_io_outsw(uint16_t port, const void *addr, int cnt) {
__asm__ volatile(
"cld; rep outsw"
: "+S"(addr), "+c"(cnt)
: "d"(port)
: "memory", "cc"
);
}
uint8_t amd64_io_inb(uint16_t port) {
uint8_t r;
__asm__ volatile("inb %1, %0" : "=a"(r) : "dN"(port));
return r;
}
uint16_t amd64_io_inw(uint16_t port) {
uint16_t r;
__asm__ volatile("inw %%dx, %%ax" : "=a"(r) : "d"(port));
return r;
}
uint32_t amd64_io_inl(uint16_t port) {
uint32_t r;
__asm__ volatile("inl %%dx, %%eax" : "=a"(r) : "d"(port));
return r;
}
void amd64_io_insw(uint16_t port, void *addr, int cnt) {
__asm__ volatile(
"cld; rep insw"
: "+D"(addr), "+c"(cnt)
: "d"(port)
: "memory", "cc"
);
}
void amd64_io_wait(void) {
amd64_io_outb(0x80, 0);
}

16
kernel/amd64/io.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
#ifndef _KERNEL_AMD64_IO_H
#define _KERNEL_AMD64_IO_H
#include <libk/std.h>
void amd64_io_outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t v);
void amd64_io_outw(uint16_t port, uint16_t v);
void amd64_io_outl(uint16_t port, uint32_t v);
void amd64_io_outsw(uint16_t port, const void *addr, int cnt);
uint8_t amd64_io_inb(uint16_t port);
uint16_t amd64_io_inw(uint16_t port);
uint32_t amd64_io_inl(uint16_t port);
void amd64_io_insw(uint16_t port, void *addr, int cnt);
void amd64_io_wait(void);
#endif // _KERNEL_AMD64_IO_H

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@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
c += amd64/bootmain.c c += amd64/bootmain.c \
amd64/init.c \
amd64/tss.c \
amd64/io.c \
amd64/debug.c
o += amd64/bootmain.o o += amd64/bootmain.o \
amd64/init.o \
amd64/tss.o \
amd64/io.o \
amd64/debug.o

8
kernel/amd64/tss.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
#include <libk/std.h>
#include <amd64/tss.h>
__attribute__((aligned(16))) static volatile struct tss tss;
volatile struct tss *amd64_get_tss(void) {
return &tss;
}

20
kernel/amd64/tss.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
#ifndef _KERNEL_AMD64_TSS_H
#define _KERNEL_AMD64_TSS_H
#include <libk/std.h>
struct tss {
uint32_t resv0;
uint64_t rsp0;
uint64_t rsp1;
uint64_t rsp2;
uint64_t resv1;
uint64_t ist[7];
uint64_t resv2;
uint16_t resv3;
uint16_t iopb_off;
} __attribute__((packed));
volatile struct tss *amd64_get_tss(void);
#endif // _KERNEL_AMD64_TSS_H

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@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@ cflags += -nostdinc \
-std=c11 \ -std=c11 \
-pedantic \ -pedantic \
-Wall \ -Wall \
-Wextra -Wextra \
-mcmodel=kernel
cflags += -isystem . -isystem c_headers/include cflags += -isystem . -isystem c_headers/include
cflags += -DPRINTF_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H=1
ifeq ($(buildtype),debug) ifeq ($(buildtype),debug)
cflags += -O0 -g cflags += -O0 -g
endif endif

1
kernel/libk/.gitignore vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
*.o

1651
kernel/libk/printf.c Normal file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

242
kernel/libk/printf.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
/**
* @author (c) Eyal Rozenberg <eyalroz1@gmx.com>
* 2021-2024, Haifa, Palestine/Israel
* @author (c) Marco Paland (info@paland.com)
* 2014-2019, PALANDesign Hannover, Germany
*
* @note Others have made smaller contributions to this file: see the
* contributors page at https://github.com/eyalroz/printf/graphs/contributors
* or ask one of the authors.
*
* @brief Small stand-alone implementation of the printf family of functions
* (`(v)printf`, `(v)s(n)printf` etc., geared towards use on embedded systems
* with a very limited resources.
*
* @note the implementations are thread-safe; re-entrant; use no functions from
* the standard library; and do not dynamically allocate any memory.
*
* @license The MIT License (MIT)
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef PRINTF_H_
#define PRINTF_H_
#ifdef PRINTF_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H
#include "printf_config.h"
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
# include <cstdarg>
# include <cstddef>
extern "C" {
#else
# include <stdarg.h>
# include <stddef.h>
#endif
#ifdef __GNUC__
# if ((__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__>= 4) || __GNUC__ > 4)
# define ATTR_PRINTF(one_based_format_index, first_arg) \
__attribute__((format(gnu_printf, (one_based_format_index), (first_arg))))
# else
# define ATTR_PRINTF(one_based_format_index, first_arg) \
__attribute__((format(printf, (one_based_format_index), (first_arg))))
# endif
# define ATTR_VPRINTF(one_based_format_index) \
ATTR_PRINTF((one_based_format_index), 0)
#else
# define ATTR_PRINTF(one_based_format_index, first_arg)
# define ATTR_VPRINTF(one_based_format_index)
#endif
#ifndef PRINTF_ALIAS_STANDARD_FUNCTION_NAMES_SOFT
#define PRINTF_ALIAS_STANDARD_FUNCTION_NAMES_SOFT 0
#endif
#ifndef PRINTF_ALIAS_STANDARD_FUNCTION_NAMES_HARD
#define PRINTF_ALIAS_STANDARD_FUNCTION_NAMES_HARD 0
#endif
#if PRINTF_ALIAS_STANDARD_FUNCTION_NAMES_HARD
# define printf_ printf
# define sprintf_ sprintf
# define vsprintf_ vsprintf
# define snprintf_ snprintf
# define vsnprintf_ vsnprintf
# define vprintf_ vprintf
#endif
/*
* If you want to include this implementation file directly rather than
* link against it, this will let you control the functions' visibility,
* e.g. make them static so as not to clash with other objects also
* using them.
*/
#ifndef PRINTF_VISIBILITY
#define PRINTF_VISIBILITY
#endif
/**
* Prints/send a single character to some opaque output entity
*
* @note This function is not implemented by the library, only declared; you
* must provide an implementation if you wish to use the @ref printf / @ref
* vprintf function (and possibly for linking against the library, if your
* toolchain does not support discarding unused functions)
*
* @note The output could be as simple as a wrapper for the `write()` system
* call on a Unix-like * system, or even libc's @ref putchar , for replicating
* actual functionality of libc's @ref printf * function; but on an embedded
* system it may involve interaction with a special output device, like a UART,
* etc.
*
* @note in libc's @ref putchar, the parameter type is an int; this was intended
* to support the representation of either a proper character or EOF in a
* variable - but this is really not meaningful to pass into @ref putchar and is
* discouraged today. See further discussion in:
* @link https://stackoverflow.com/q/17452847/1593077
*
* @param c the single character to print
*/
PRINTF_VISIBILITY
void putchar_(char c);
/**
* An implementation of the C standard's printf/vprintf
*
* @note you must implement a @ref putchar_ function for using this function -
* it invokes @ref putchar_ * rather than directly performing any I/O (which
* insulates it from any dependence on the operating system * and external
* libraries).
*
* @param format A string specifying the format of the output, with %-marked
* specifiers of how to interpret additional arguments.
* @param arg Additional arguments to the function, one for each %-specifier in
* @p format
* @return The number of characters written into @p s, not counting the
* terminating null character
*/
/* @{ */
PRINTF_VISIBILITY
int printf_(const char* format, ...) ATTR_PRINTF(1, 2);
PRINTF_VISIBILITY
int vprintf_(const char* format, va_list arg) ATTR_VPRINTF(1);
/* @} */
/**
* An implementation of the C standard's sprintf/vsprintf
*
* @note For security considerations (the potential for exceeding the buffer
* bounds), please consider using the size-constrained variant, @ref snprintf /
* @ref vsnprintf, instead.
*
* @param s An array in which to store the formatted string. It must be large
* enough to fit the formatted output!
* @param format A string specifying the format of the output, with %-marked
* specifiers of how to interpret additional arguments
* @param arg Additional arguments to the function, one for each specifier in
* @p format
* @return The number of characters written into @p s, not counting the
* terminating null character
*/
/* @{ */
PRINTF_VISIBILITY
int sprintf_(char* s, const char* format, ...) ATTR_PRINTF(2, 3);
PRINTF_VISIBILITY
int vsprintf_(char* s, const char* format, va_list arg) ATTR_VPRINTF(2);
/* @} */
/**
* An implementation of the C standard's snprintf/vsnprintf
*
* @param s An array in which to store the formatted string. It must be large
* enough to fit either the entire formatted output, or at least @p n
* characters. Alternatively, it can be NULL, in which case nothing will
* be printed, and only the number of characters which _could_ have been
* printed is tallied and returned.
* @param n The maximum number of characters to write to the array, including
* a terminating null character
* @param format A string specifying the format of the output, with %-marked
* specifiers of how to interpret additional arguments.
* @param arg Additional arguments to the function, one for each specifier in
* @p format
* @return The number of characters that COULD have been written into @p s, not
* counting the terminating null character. A value equal or larger than
* @p n indicates truncation. Only when the returned value is non-negative
* and less than @p n, the null-terminated string has been fully and
* successfully printed.
*/
/* @{ */
PRINTF_VISIBILITY
int snprintf_(char* s, size_t count, const char* format, ...) ATTR_PRINTF(3, 4);
PRINTF_VISIBILITY
int vsnprintf_(char* s, size_t count, const char* format, va_list arg) ATTR_VPRINTF(3);
/* @} */
/**
* printf/vprintf with user-specified output function
*
* An alternative to @ref printf_, in which the output function is specified
* dynamically (rather than @ref putchar_ being used)
*
* @param out An output function which takes one character and a type-erased
* additional parameters
* @param extra_arg The type-erased argument to pass to the output function @p
* out with each call
* @param format A string specifying the format of the output, with %-marked
* specifiers of how to interpret additional arguments.
* @param arg Additional arguments to the function, one for each specifier in
* @p format
* @return The number of characters for which the output f unction was invoked,
* not counting the terminating null character
*
*/
PRINTF_VISIBILITY
int fctprintf(void (*out)(char c, void* extra_arg), void* extra_arg, const char* format, ...) ATTR_PRINTF(3, 4);
PRINTF_VISIBILITY
int vfctprintf(void (*out)(char c, void* extra_arg), void* extra_arg, const char* format, va_list arg) ATTR_VPRINTF(3);
#ifdef __cplusplus
} /* extern "C" */
#endif
#if PRINTF_ALIAS_STANDARD_FUNCTION_NAMES_HARD
# undef printf_
# undef sprintf_
# undef vsprintf_
# undef snprintf_
# undef vsnprintf_
# undef vprintf_
#else
#if PRINTF_ALIAS_STANDARD_FUNCTION_NAMES_SOFT
# define printf printf_
# define sprintf sprintf_
# define vsprintf vsprintf_
# define snprintf snprintf_
# define vsnprintf vsnprintf_
# define vprintf vprintf_
#endif
#endif
#endif /* PRINTF_H_ */

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@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
#ifndef _KERNEL_LIBK_PRINTF_CONFIG_H
#define _KERNEL_LIBK_PRINTF_CONFIG_H
#define PRINTF_ALIAS_STANDARD_FUNCTION_NAMES_HARD 1
#endif // _KERNEL_LIBK_PRINTF_CONFIG_H

3
kernel/libk/putchar_.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
void putchar_(char x) { (void)x; }

7
kernel/libk/src.mk Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
c += libk/string.c \
libk/printf.c \
libk/putchar_.c
o += libk/string.o \
libk/printf.o \
libk/putchar_.o

12
kernel/libk/std.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
#ifndef _KERNEL_LIBK_STD_H
#define _KERNEL_LIBK_STD_H
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdalign.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdnoreturn.h>
#endif // _KERNEL_LIBK_STD_H

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kernel/libk/string.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
#include <libk/std.h>
#include <libk/string.h>
size_t memset(void *dst, uint8_t b, size_t n) {
uint8_t *dst1 = dst;
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
dst1[i] = b;
return i;
}
size_t memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n) {
uint8_t *dst1 = dst;
const uint8_t *src1 = src;
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
dst1[i] = src1[i];
return i;
}
// SOURCE: https://stackoverflow.com/a/48967408
void strncpy(char* dst, const char* src, size_t n) {
size_t i = 0;
while(i++ != n && (*dst++ = *src++));
}
size_t strlen(const char *str) {
const char *s;
for (s = str; *s; ++s);
return (s - str);
}
int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n) {
unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)s1;
unsigned char *q = (unsigned char *)s2;
while (n--) {
if (*p != *q) {
return (int)*p - (int)*q;
}
p++, q++;
}
return 0;
}

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kernel/libk/string.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
#ifndef _KERNEL_LIBK_STRING_H
#define _KERNEL_LIBK_STRING_H
size_t memset(void *dst, uint8_t b, size_t n);
size_t memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n);
void strncpy(char* dst, const char* src, size_t n);
size_t strlen(const char *str);
int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
#endif // _KERNEL_LIBK_STRING_H

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kernel/sys/debug.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
#ifndef _KERNEL_SYS_DEBUG_H
#define _KERNEL_SYS_DEBUG_H
void debugprintf(const char *fmt, ...);
#define DEBUG(fmt, ...) do { \
debugprintf("%s: " fmt, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
} while(0)
#endif // _KERNEL_SYS_DEBUG_H